> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.emsigner.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.emsigner.com/key-concepts/participants.md).

# Participants

The key players—signers, senders, authorities, platforms, and regulators—in a secure signing process.

Key participants in an e-signing process:

* **Signer(s):** Review and sign documents.
* **Document Sender / Initiator:** Prepares and sends documents, defines order, sets deadlines, configures authentication.
* **Certifying Authority (CA):** Issues DSCs for secure digital/qualified signatures.
* **Electronic Signature Platform / Service Provider:** Enables uploading, managing roles, applying/verifying signatures, ensuring encryption and compliance.
* **Regulatory Bodies:** Define the legal framework (e.g., IT Act – India, eIDAS – EU, ESIGN – USA).

**Example:** An HR Manager sends an offer letter (Sender) to a candidate (Signer) via emSigner (Service Provider), validated by eMudhra (CA), complying with the IT Act (Regulatory Body).